Last week I made a pretty stern comment that I did not want to discuss leaked alpha content. I am still holding true to that principle; however, that does not mean that I am against speaking about things which have already been released, which is why I wish to talk about mana regeneration this week. As with all of my Cataclysm articles at this point, everything contained herein is pure speculation existing in a void of what-if. I do not work for Blizzard, I do not know Blizzard's design goals; I only know what the rest of you know that post of the forums know.

Mana is a very important resource mechanic. I want to bring attention to this thread that is currently running in the damage-dealing forums that has so far held a lot of very good discussion on the topic of mana. Mayeli makes a number of very good points, but most important of all is that this view is very consistent with Blizzard's views on how mana regeneration is going to work in Cataclysm. I am sure most of you remember this following post by my favorite dragonling two months ago, right?

 Eyonix Spirit - Come Cataclysm, this stat should only be found on healing gear. Non-healing casters will have other systems in place to regenerate mana, and we are designing special solutions for Elemental shaman and Balance druids who often share gear with healers (more on this below). Raid buffs that currently boost Spirit (such as Blessing of Kings) will only boost the primary stats of Stamina, Strength, Agility, and Intellect. We are also likely changing the five-second rule and other quirks of the current regen system. 


With the removal of spirit (often a significant source of passive regeneration) from non-healing casters, they're going to need different methods for replenishing their supply. Magi have Evocation and Mana Gems; warlocks have Life Tap; balance druids currently sustain themselves entirely on the refunding mana on crit aspect of Moonkin Form. Our primary mana return method is highly flawed, however, and cannot be supported within a new expansion. That's right: Moonkin Form is a terrible mechanic, at least in light of its being a primary source of mana regeneration.

I must be crazy, right? Moonkin Form's refunding mana on crits is currently one of the single best mana return systems that we have in place in the game, once you get into ICC. That is the issue, though: It is only viable in ICC. Way back in Naxx, balance druids could not rely entirely upon Moonkin Form for their mana regeneration; we had to either use our own Innervates or spec into Intensity in order to be able to sustain ourselves. It wasn't until ICC that the mechanic became grossly overpowered. It isn't so much the massive amounts of additional crit that we have gained, although that is a major factor as well, as much as it is that we now have such ridiculously huge mana pools. We have finally reached the point where nearly every single crit that we make doesn't just refund us mana, but it more than covers the cost of the spell used and replenishes it. A balance druid can receive Rebirth in the middle of an encounter and by the end of the encounter have near 100% mana once again.

Why Moonkin Form mana return is not sustainable

As I said, the Moonkin Form mechanic is highly flawed in such a way that it simply cannot be used as our primary source of mana regeneration. The reasoning behind this is the same reasoning the mechanic is currently so powerful in ICC content: The scaling factor of the ability is completely out of whack. Do not misunderstand me, there is nothing wrong with a scaling mana return system; in fact, all mana return systems should scale to a degree. The Moonkin Form mechanic, however, simply doesn't scale in a way that is viable to balance a class around. In the lower end of gearing, it simply cannot return enough mana to be used on its own, while at higher levels of gearing, it becomes all that a player needs. Unless the mechanic no longer scales as well as it currently does, it isn't possible to balance around both extremes.

The mechanic itself is simply too strong as it stands in ICC gear; while gear scaling issues should change, this means little for the mechanic. If this mechanic is going to exist, then one of the scaling portions is going to have to be removed. The only viable method that I can think of for removing scaling from the mechanic is to either have it return a percentage of mana spent on the spell or to return a flat value of mana. In short, the amount of mana gained per crit can never change with gear.

All of this may seem odd; the mana on crit mechanic is so beautiful, so amazing and I love it more than I could possibly say, so why does it not work? Forget the scaling factor, forget the imbalance between gearing levels; the true flaw in the mechanic is that it isn't a controllable return system. Moonkin Form is not Innervate, it is not Evocation, it is not Life Tap; a balance druid cannot choose when to gain mana back, and it requires the expenditure of mana in order to get mana back. Starting at a near zero mana level, this is terrible. If a balance druid does not have any mana, then they have no means of getting mana back. Not to mention that if the mana return isn't higher than the spell cost, then the druid is still going to run out of mana at some point unless he has another viable method to refund mana. It's a flawed catch-22.

Gaining mana needs to be an active choice. Passive mana regeneration is a nice perk, but it should never be the primary system if the design intent is for DPS casters to only marginally worry about mana. Passive forms of mana regeneration should exist not to wholly sustain a caster, but merely to supplement him. As passive mana regeneration increases, less reliance can then be placed on active regeneration, similar to how the mage system works. Mages currently have multiple passive mana regeneration techniques that exist not to sustain their mana but to help them rely less on their active mana regeneration abilities. Balance druids do not have this, and we need it.

Moonkin Form mana return in PvP

The way things stand now, the Moonkin Form mana return mechanic is downright unusable in PvP. With the lowered crit rates of PvP players, the lower mana pools and the way in which resilience functions, it is impossible for a balance druid to sustain himself via Moonkin Form in PvP. A portion of this is being addressed in the way in which resilience is being changed for Cataclysm.

 Eyonix Resilience - This will only affect damage done by players and critical damage done by players. It will not impact crit chance, mana drains, or other such effects. 


Regardless of the resilience change, this does absolutely nothing to address the sustainability of the mechanic in PvP; it is still subject to the same catch-22 of needing to spend mana in order to gain mana. In PvE, such a system may not be as terrible, since there are very limited times when a player is going to find themselves without mana; however, the same is not true for PvP. Mana drains, the need to shift constantly and using a wide variety of abilities which are not affected by the mechanic (such as CC and healing) will all drain the player's mana far faster than they could ever replenish it.

Balance druids do not need to have infinite mana in PvP; in fact, no caster should have infinite mana in PvP, but they should have a viable method of getting some mana back. The hunter's Aspect of the Viper is a very clean system for such a thing. Using Aspect of the Viper will get the hunter back to full mana in a decent amount of time, yet it comes with a cost of vastly reduced damage for the duration. Having to pay a price in order to refund mana is a nicely balanced system, especially for a class that has the ability to heal. To that end, any active form of mana regeneration that would mirror Aspect of the Viper would have to do two things for any healing-capable class. First, it would have to reduce their damage as it currently does with hunters; the point of regaining mana is so that you can unload higher amounts of damage, and you should not be able to perpetually put out high amounts of pressure while retaining infinite mana at the same time. Second, the mechanic would also have to limit healing in some form, either by locking out healing abilities or reducing their effects similar to Divine Plea. Again, the point is not to allow the player to do whatever they want without any cost associated with their actions; it is merely to never allow the player to have to sit there unable to do anything.

Active mana regeneration and the restoration problem

Make no mistake, giving balance druids the active form of mana regeneration that they need is not an easy, cut-and-dry task. For this reason, the current Moonkin Form return mechanic is well designed. A restoration druid and even a balance druid cannot take the talent and be able to exponentially increase their mana regeneration while being able to continuously heal at the same time. In a situation where healing mana matters, any mana return mechanics given to balance druids have to take into account the access that restoration druids are going to have to it.

Others may not be, but I am already concerned by the prospect that restoration druids will more than likely have easy access to Dreamstate in Cataclysm. So far as I am aware (I may be incorrect on this, so don't get mad at me if I am), no other healer has access to a secondary form of mana regeneration so easily. Unrelenting Storm, a shaman talent that is virtually the same as Dreamstate, is accessible to restoration shaman, but there is a difference. Restoration shaman generally sub-spec into enhancement, since the top tiers of elemental offer them nothing at all. Sub-speccing elemental means the shaman has to give up Ancestral Knowledge, Thundering Strikes, Improved Shields and Elemental Weapons, while the only thing that he would gain would be Unrelenting Storm.

Alternately, restorations druids already sub-spec down into the balance tree. They're there to get talents such as Moonglow, Genesis, Nature's Majesty and Nature's Splendor, so they have to give up relatively less in order to go down a little bit further in order to get Dreamstate. This is problematic for a variety of reasons. First, Blizzard would be forced to balance around restoration's getting Dreamstate. Second, Dreamstate would never be powerful enough to be the primary source of a balance druid's mana regeneration because restoration can get it.

The same principle holds true for any other mana regeneration talents that balance druids are going to need -- and make no mistake that we need far more than Moonglow and Dreamstate can provide. Due to this, any additional mana return talents are going to be forced to have a few restrictions. They are going to need to be much lower within the tree, around the area that Eclipse is at, and/or they are going to need to be tied specifically to damage spells or Moonkin Form.

Active regeneration, passive regeneration and homogenization

There have been a lot of comparisons thus far to abilities that other classes have and how balance druids need to have similar abilities. One concern about doing this is making all of the classes feel too homogenized with each other. Realize that this doesn't have to be the case for everything. There are ways to homogenize systems without doing so to specific abilities.

There has also been a large focus on active versus passive regeneration. All DPS casters need to have strong active regeneration, that cannot be ignored, but this does not have to mean that passive regeneration is nonexistent or that it has to be trivialized. One of the ways to differentiate among the classes is to create a rift between the reliance on active and passive regeneration. Warlocks, for example, have very weak passive mana regeneration for the most part and rely much more on active regeneration; conversely, mages have strong passive mana regeneration yet still need to use their active regeneration abilities properly in order to avoid running out of mana.

In my personal vision, balance druids would follow the mage system more closely than they would the warlock system. Although we need to have an active regeneration ability, having a strong reliance on passive regeneration isn't a terrible thing. Balance druids should have fairly decent passive regeneration, enough so that we do not constantly feel that we need to utilize any active regeneration that we may have, but not enough that we have no need for active regeneration. Dreamstate is good for this, though I cannot say how powerful or weak it may be in Cataclysm at this point; we will probably need something else.

As much as I have railed against the concept, the Moonkin Form mana return talent can remain in practice; however, there are several key changes that I would suggest. First and foremost, it should not be our primary source of mana regeneration; it should be secondary. To that end, I would change the ability from refunding 2% of maximum mana on critical strike to return, say, 50% of spell cost on critical strike. The reasoning for this is that in order for the ability to be our secondary source of mana return, it should not have the capacity to scale to the point that it eclipses our need for additional mana sources. It still needs to scale, though. Alternatively, Moonkin Form could merely become our new Intensity, wherein we regenerate mana based upon some factor (base mana, maximum mana, spirit, etc.) while shifted.

As far as active mana returns go, we do not actually need to have a new ability added in; we already have a very strong mana return mechanic in the form of Innervate. I will say out right that balance druids should never, ever be balanced around the concept that we absolutely have to use Innervate on ourselves every cooldown in order to maintain our mana pool. Innervate is a raid utility that is fairly unique and very important, especially in a world where healer mana matters. What can be done, however, is to add in a talent that functions similarly to the Glyph of Innervate. Innervate can be made to function where we can use it on others while still reaping a nominal, yet sufficient for PvE purposes, benefit for ourselves, yet have it be that much more powerful when used on ourselves at times when we might specifically need the additional mana regeneration (such as PvP). This heightened mana regeneration can have a cost associated with it, if need be, as well. Say that when cast on someone else, the drawback in less personal mana regeneration forces a higher reliance on passive methods to sustain yourself, but when used on yourself, the cost is either reduced damage or reduced healing (or perhaps both).

Innervate as our primary source of mana regeneration is a simplistic solution. It doesn't require adding in additional abilities that needed to be specifically balanced solely for us while ensuring that restoration druids cannot abuse the mechanic, and it flows well with the current kit of the class as a whole.